A cousin of watermelon, cucumber and pumpkin, bitter melon is shaped like a cucumber. But, it is larger with lighter green and a more gourd-like skin. In tropical cultures where it's cultivated, bitter melon is used to support digestion because of its ability to break down carbohydrates. When using for medicinal purposes, the entire plant can be used, dried or fresh, including leaves, stems, fruit and even the juice.

Researchers and doctors are interested in bitter melon for its effect on blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Chemicals in the extract act similar to insulin. A number of studies have found bitter melon juice, fruit and dried powder have a moderate effect on lowering blood glucose. In other studies, a "plant insulin" injection given to patients with Type-1 diabetes showed a decrease in blood glucose. The decrease was not as significant for patients with Type-2 diabetes, but there was a decline in blood glucose levels when compared to a control group. It seems that the source, type of preparation, and individual patient factors, may play a role in the effect of bitter melon on diabetes. As always, further research is needs to be done.

Blend bitter melon into various foods and enjoy it several times a week when it’s in season. Although considered relatively safe, consult your holistic practitioner to determine the appropriate type and amount to use for your health goals. If you are pregnant or nursing, only use the supplement under the care of a qualified practitioner. Interested in finding your own holistic practitioner? Dr. Blandford offers a 15 minute Discovery Visit to learn more about your natural health options.

Sources:

1. Basch E, Gabardi S, Ulbricht C. (2003). “Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety.” Am J Health Syst Pharm. 60(4):356-9. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/60.4.356.
2. Chang, Norma. (2011). “Bitter Melon (Momordica charantica).” https://gardentowok.wordpress.com/2011/11/11/bitter-melon-momordica-charantica/.
3. Fuangchan, A., et al. (2011). “Hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon compared with metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.” Journal of ethnopharmacology, 134(2), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.045.
4. Shinta M. Pardede, Shane. (2009). “Dietary Supplements for Diabetes: An Evaluation of Commonly Used Products.” Diabetes Spectrum. 22. 206-213. 10.2337/diaspect.22.4.206.